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Ahorra dinero a los mineros al reducir el uso de datos y permitir configuraciones más simples (por ejemplo, minería solo de encabezado), al tiempo que disminuye la variación del poder de hash.
Ahorra dinero a los pools al reducir la frecuencia y el tamaño de las transferencias de datos, así como la cantidad de trabajo de validación necesario para las participaciones enviadas por los mineros que realizan minería solo de encabezado.
Facilita las actualizaciones del protocolo de Bitcoin a través de una mayor estandarización y un modo de minería simplificado llamado minería de solo encabezado, que elimina la necesidad de actualizar el firmware y los protocolos de minería al mismo tiempo que los nodos completos.
Admite extensiones específicas de proveedores, sin contaminar el protocolo de minería principal ni complicar las implementaciones del pool.
Stratum V2 utiliza cifrado autenticado con datos asociados (AEAD), que proporciona confidencialidad y garantiza la integridad de los datos para que no se pueda robar el hashrate a los mineros. BetterHash propuso usar la firma previa al mensaje, que también abordó los vectores de ataque de MiTM (hombre en el medio), aunque no tan a fondo como AEAD.
Los mineros pueden seleccionar su propio trabajo (es decir, conjunto de transacciones), lo que significa que la minería se parecerá más a la de la era previa a stratum de la minería en solitario, mientras que los mineros aún se beneficiarán de la disminución de la variación de pagos a través de los pools.
La implementación de la selección de trabajo de BetterHash no era factible de implementar por pools. Stratum V2 resuelve esto haciendo que la selección de trabajo sea un grupo separado de sub-protocolos y permitiendo que los pools rechacen bloques inválidos propuestos por los mineros.
An implementation of Stratum V2 is part of BOSminer, which is a free and open-source project developed by Braiins. This means that miners can download BOSminer and easily begin benefiting from V2 in their operations.
Stratum V2 separa el mensaje "prevhash" del resto de la plantilla de bloque para que los bloques completos se puedan preparar y enviar a los mineros con anticipación, eliminando el incentivo de enviar bloques vacíos inmediatamente después de que se haya encontrado un nuevo bloque.
Stratum V2 está diseñado para permitir a los mineros conectarse a múltiples pools o extraer múltiples monedas simultáneamente, y cambiar entre las opciones al instante. Esto mejora la eficiencia de funciones como la de cambio de monedas.
Miners need to interact with the Bitcoin protocol to submit their work and be rewarded. To standardize the communication between miners and Bitcoin protocol, an open-source “getwork” protocol was developed. It acted as a quick and easy solution for standalone miners to start mining. But by 2012, getwork’s inefficiencies had grown very problematic as mining underwent radical changes and network hashrate grew exponentially.
Mining profitability decreased and rewards were being paid out on a less frequent basis as more miners joined the network. It became apparent that miners needed to combine their hashrate to remain profitable. This led to the introduction of mining pools: services which enabled miners to earn rewards on a more consistent basis by combining (i.e. “pooling” together) the hashrate from many individual miners.
The first ever mining pool was developed by Marek “Slush” Platinus in 2010 and was called Bitcoin.cz. It was later renamed to Slush Pool and operations were handed over to Braiins, who continue running the pool to this day.
As data transfer requirements for pools grew exponentially, the limitations of the getwork protocol became even more apparent. This led Slush to develop the stratum protocol (Stratum V1) for communication between miners and mining pools in 2012.
During the Stratum V1 development, other members of the mining community had spent months developing an open-source protocol called “getblocktemplate“(BIP22) that would supersede the “getwork” protocol. With Stratum V1 being released near the same time, direct adoption for the getblocktemplate protocol suffered. However, Stratum V1 had shared a lot of the getblocktemplate mechanisms under the surface.
Over recent years, total network hashrate has grown exponentially and physical hashrate distribution has also improved. However, the fact that a majority of hashrate is ultimately concentrated in just a few mining pools leaves the network vulnerable to a (albeit very unlikely) 51% attack from a powerful state actor such as the US or China.
Taking control over mining pools within their jurisdictions would be essentially free for governments, whereas taking over physical mining operations or setting up their own physical mining operations would be complex and incredibly costly. Therefore, shutting off this attack vector is an important way to ensure Bitcoin’s long-term resilience to possible state attacks.
Today, miners depend on mining pools to assign them blocks to work on. If miners were empowered to construct their own block templates again — as all miners used to do in the early days of CPU mining — it would make a pool attack far more difficult to pull off.
